机械磨削术治疗瑞尔黑变病的疗效观察

目的:探讨机械磨削术治疗Riehl’s黑变病的临床疗效。方法:2010年2月-2018年10月笔者科室收治瑞尔黑变病患者8例,所有患者采用机械磨削治疗,均随访1年以上。利用5分法对机械磨削治疗的临床疗效进行评价,患者对治疗满意度进行评价。结果:8例Riehl’s黑变病患者,经治疗皮损均较治疗前消退75%以上,未见复发,7例非常满意,1例满意。不良反应均能耐受,主要为红斑、结痂及短暂的色素沉着。结论:机械磨削术治疗Riehl’s黑变病安全、有效。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎诊断研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病是一种慢性非传染性疾病。近年来其患病率和发病率不断增高,发病年龄也出现低年龄化趋势,该疾病已取代慢性乙型肝炎成为第一大慢性肝脏疾病。重点综述非酒精性脂肪性肝病中的非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的诊断研究进展,介绍非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的临床病史、病理学诊断、非侵入方法诊断,为临床诊断提供参考。     

基于德尔菲法构建我国临床药师知识体系标准

目的：建立临床药师知识体系标准，为临床药师的培养和评估提供依据。方法：通过文献查阅，梳理出若干一级指标和二级指标；依据按Likert5级评分法设计咨询问卷；运用德尔菲法对35名专家进行两轮问卷咨询。结果：建立了包含5个一级指标，33个二级指标的临床药师知识体系标准。两轮咨询中，专家咨询积极系数分别为100%和92.9%，专家权威系数分别为0.904 3和0.907 7，专家协调系数分别为0.268和0.565。结论：专业核心知识是临床药师最应具备的知识，是临床药师培养的重中之重；临床药师的知识结构要由"以化学知识为主"转变为"以医学知识为主"；临床药师自身需要注重知识的再生，并树立终身学习的理念。本研究专家积极性和权威程度高，意见协调程度好，建立的知识体系标准能够对临床药师的培养与评估提供依据。     

The role of online videos in teaching procedural skills to post-graduate medical learners: A systematic narrative review

Abstract

Objective: Online videos are commonly used in medical education. The aim of this review was to investigate the role of online instructional videos in teaching procedural skills to postgraduate medical learners.

Methods: This systematic narrative review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, ERIC and Google Scholar were searched. Full texts that applied to online videos, postgraduate medical learners and procedural skills were included without language restrictions. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using a validated tool. A thematic analysis of the studies was carried out using a general inductive approach.

Results: A total of 785 articles were retrieved and the full text was reviewed for 66 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Twenty papers that were relevant to the role of online videos in postgraduate medical education of procedural skills were used for this review. They were heterogenous in the outcomes collected and the evidence was of variable quality. There was strong evidence for the use of online videos for procedural skill knowledge acquisition and retention. Online videos were used for various purposes, such as supervision, assessment, postoperative debriefing, providing feedback, and promoting reflection.

Conclusion: Online videos are a valuable educational tool especially for procedural skill knowledge acquisition and retention. Future research needs to be carried out on the appropriate use of platforms in disseminating and using online videos, identifying the factors surrounding the learners, video characteristics, and data protection.     

Evaluation of a Safety Protocol for the Management of Thirst in the Postoperative Period

PurposeTo associate medications, anesthetic techniques, and clinical conditions that interfere in the time of patient approval in the safety protocol for thirst management.DesignA quantitative, analytical, and longitudinal study conducted in Southern Brazil.MethodsA nonprobabilistic sample, of 203 adult patients in the immediate postoperative period, evaluated every 15 minutes for 1 hour.FindingsA general prevalence of thirst of 67.7%, and mean intensity of 6.38. Fentanyl, morphine, rocuronium, and sevoflurane increased lack of approval in the protocol within 30 minutes (P < .05). General anesthesia (P < .0001) and level of consciousness (95.4%) presented the highest nonapproval rates.ConclusionsAnesthetics and general anesthesia delayed protocol approval; however, after 30 minutes, 75.4% of patients had been approved. Level of consciousness was the main criterion of disapproval. The protocol identified crucial clinical conditions that made it impossible for the patient to receive thirst relief strategies and demonstrated that thirst can be satiated precociously with safety.     

翁维良教授活血通络法治疗多发性大动脉炎长时医案举隅

大动脉炎是一种慢性进行性非特异性炎性疾病，以抗炎、抑制免疫、扩血管等内科治疗为主，由于大动脉炎具有反复发作的特点，因此如何控制病情发展、减少受累血管、控制血压、缓解症状成为治疗的重点与难点。文章系统分析翁维良教授应用活血通络法治疗大动脉炎长时医案1则（治疗33 a），通过对其诊治思路、用药经验进行分析，总结出翁教授在活血通络基础上，根据疾病不同发展阶段本虚标实的偏盛，运用搜风通络、清热解毒、清肝平肝治疗大动脉炎的临证经验。     

祛寒逐风合剂联合西医常规疗法治疗膝骨关节炎风寒痹阻证临床研究

目的观察祛寒逐风合剂联合西医常规疗法对膝骨关节炎风寒痹阻证的临床疗效,以及对关节症状及相关实验室指标的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将94例膝骨关节炎风寒痹阻证患者分为观察组和对照组各47例。对照组采用常规药物疗法+康复训练,观察组在对照组基础上予祛寒逐风合剂,每次50m L,每日3次,口服。2组均连续治疗2周。比较2组临床疗效,观察2组治疗前后美国西大略湖和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、压痛指数、中医症状评分,白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、骨钙素、抗酒石酸盐酸性磷酸酶异构体(TRACP)-5b、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、纤维蛋白原、红细胞沉降率和红细胞聚集指数,对2组进行安全性评价。结果观察组总有效率为89.36%(42/47),对照组为74.47%(35/47),观察组明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后WOMAC评分、VAS评分、压痛指数、中医症状评分明显下降(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组WOMAC评分、VAS评分、压痛指数、中医症状评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、VEGF、TRACP-5b水平明显下降,骨钙素、BALP水平明显升高(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、VEGF、TRACP-5b水平明显低于对照组,骨钙素、BALP水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,观察组治疗后纤维蛋白原、红细胞沉降率、红细胞聚集指数明显下降(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组血液流变学各项指标明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组均未发生不良反应。结论祛寒逐风合剂联合西医常规疗法治疗膝骨关节炎风寒痹阻证患者疗效较好,可明显改善关节症状及相关实验室指标。     

儿科临床教学中EBM+PBL教学法的应用分析

目的分析儿科临床教学中EBM+PBL教学法的应用效果。方法选取2018年2月—2018年12月在医院儿科实习的医学专业学生50名,随机将其分为参照组(常规教学法)和观察组(EBM+PML教学法)。比较两组的教学效果。结果相对比参照组,观察组学生的理论掌握得分(94.28±3.15)分更高、临床实践得分(90.69±3.55)分明显提高,学生对自主学习、语言表达、问题解决、文献检索及团队合作能力的认可度更高,而学生对教学满意度达到96%,两组数据差异经过比较P<0.05。结论在儿科临床教学期间采用EBM+PBL教学法,学生的综合能力增强,确保教学质量。